The Doors of Perception - Why Americans Will Believe Most Anything...
> Dear Members and Friends - > This excellent commentary is authored by Tim O'Shea, the chiropractor who > wrote the book, The Sanctity of Human Blood: Vaccination I$ Not Immunization.
> ============================================ > The Doors Of Perception: Why Americans Will Believe Almost Anything > By Tim O'Shea > <http://www.thedoctorwithin.com>www.thedoctorwithin.com > > Aldous Huxley's inspired 1956 essay detailed the vivid, mind-expanding, > multisensory insights of his mescaline adventures. By altering his brain > chemistry with natural psychotropics, Huxley tapped into a rich and fluid > world of shimmering, indescribable beauty and power. With his neurosensory > input thus triggered, Huxley was able to enter that parallel universe > described by every mystic and space captain in recorded history. Whether by > hallucination or epiphany, Huxley sought to remove all controls, all > filters, all cultural conditioning from his perceptions and to confront > Nature or the World or Reality first-hand - in its unpasteurized, unedited, > unretouched, infinite rawness. > > Those bonds are much harder to break today, half a century later. We are the > most conditioned, programmed beings the world has ever known. Not only are > our thoughts and attitudes continually being shaped and molded; our very > awareness of the whole design seems like it is being subtly and inexorably > erased. The doors of our perception are carefully and precisely regulated. > Who cares, right? > > It is an exhausting and endless task to keep explaining to people how most > issues of conventional wisdom are scientifically implanted in the public > consciousness by a thousand media clips per day. In an effort to save time, > I would like to provide just a little > background on the handling of information in this country. Once the basic > principles are illustrated about how our current system of media control > arose historically, the reader might be more apt to question any given > popular opinion. > > If everybody believes something, it's probably wrong. We call that > Conventional Wisdom. > > In America, conventional wisdom that has mass acceptance is usually > contrived: somebody paid for it. > > > Examples: > * Pharmaceuticals restore health > * Vaccination brings immunity > * The cure for cancer is just around the corner > * Menopause is a disease condition > * When a child is sick, he needs immediate antibiotics > * When a child has a fever he needs Tylenol > * Hospitals are safe and clean. > * America has the best health care in the world. > * Americans have the best health in the world. > * Milk is a good source of calcium. > * You never outgrow your need for milk. > * Vitamin C is ascorbic acid. > * Aspirin prevents heart attacks. > * Heart drugs improve the heart. > * Back and neck pain are the only reasons for spinal adjustment. > * No child can get into school without being vaccinated. > * The FDA thoroughly tests all drugs before they go on the market. > * Pregnancy is a serious medical condition > * Chemotherapy and radiation are effective cures for cancer > * When your child is diagnosed with an ear infection, antibiotics should be > given immediately 'just in case' > * Ear tubes are for the good of the child. > * Estrogen drugs prevent osteoporosis after menopause. > * Pediatricians are the most highly trained of al medical specialists. > * The purpose of the health care industry is health. > * HIV is the cause of AIDS. > * AZT is the cure for AIDS. > * Without vaccines, infectious diseases will return > * Fluoride in the city water protects your teeth > * Flu shots prevent the flu. > * Vaccines are thoroughly tested before being placed on the Mandated > Schedule. > * Doctors are certain that the benefits of vaccines far outweigh any > possible risks. > * There is a power shortage in California. > * There is a meningitis epidemic in California. > * The NASDAQ is a natural market controlled only by supply and demand. > * Chronic pain is a natural consequence of aging. > * Soy is your healthiest source of protein. > * Insulin shots cure diabetes. > * After we take out your gall bladder you can eat anything you want > * Allergy medicine will cure allergies. > > This is a list of illusions, that have cost billions and billions to conjure > up. Did you ever wonder why you never see the President speaking publicly > unless he is reading? Or why most people in this country think generally the > same about most of the above issues? > > HOW THIS WHOLE SET-UP GOT STARTED > > In "Trust Us; We're Experts," Stauber and Rampton pull together some > compelling data describing the science of creating public opinion in > America. They trace modern public influence back to the early part of the > last century, highlighting the work of guys like Edward L. Bernays, > the Father of Spin. From his own amazing chronicle Propaganda, we learn > how Edward L. Bernays took the ideas of his famous uncle Sigmund Freud > himself and applied them to the emerging science of mass persuasion. > The only difference was that instead of using these principles to uncover > hidden > themes in the human unconscious, the way Freudian psychology does, Bernays > used these same ideas to mask agendas and to create illusions that deceive > and misrepresent, for marketing purposes. > > THE FATHER OF SPIN > > Bernays dominated the PR industry until the 1940s, and was a significant > force for another 40 years after that. (Tye) During all that time, Bernays > took on hundreds of diverse assignments to create a public perception about > some idea or product. A few examples: As a neophyte with the Committee > on Public Information, one of Bernays' first assignments was to help sell > the > First World War to the American public with the idea to "Make the World > Safe for Democracy." (Ewen) > > A few years later, Bernays set up a stunt to popularize the notion of women > smoking cigarettes. In organizing the 1929 Easter Parade in New York City, > Bernays showed himself as a force to be reckoned with. He organized the > Torches of Liberty Brigade in which suffragettes marched in the parade > smoking cigarettes as a mark of women's liberation. Such publicity, followed > from that one event, that from then on, women have felt secure about > destroying > their own lungs in public, the same way that men have always done. > > Bernays popularized the idea of bacon for breakfast. Not one to turn down a > challenge, he set up the advertising format along with the AMA that lasted > for nearly 50 years proving that cigarettes are beneficial to health. Just > look at ads in issues of Life or Time from the 40s and 50s. > > During the next several decades Bernays and his colleagues evolved the > principles by which masses of people could be generally swayed through > messages repeated over and over hundreds of times. Once the value of media > became apparent, other countries of the world tried to follow our lead. But > Bernays really was the gold standard. Josef Goebbels, who was Hitler's > minister of propaganda, studied the principles of Edward Bernays when > Goebbels was developing the popular rationale he would use to convince the > Germans that they had to purify their race. (Stauber) > > SMOKE AND MIRRORS > > Bernay's job was to reframe an issue; to create a desired image that would > put a particular product or concept in a desirable light. Bernays described > the public as a 'herd that needed to be led.' And this herdlike thinking > makes people "susceptible to leadership." Bernays never deviated from his > fundamental axiom to "control the masses without their knowing it." The > best PR happens when people are unaware that they are being manipulated. > > Stauber describes Bernays' rationale like this: "the scientific manipulation > of public opinion was necessary to overcome chaos and conflict in a > democratic society." Trust Us p.42 > > These early mass persuaders postured themselves as performing a moral > service for humanity in general - democracy was too good for people; they > needed to be told what to think, because they were incapable of rational > thought by themselves. Here's a paragraph from Bernays' Propaganda: > "Those who manipulate the unseen mechanism of society constitute an > invisible > government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are > governed, our minds molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested largely > by men we have never heard of. This is a logical result of the way in which > our democratic society is organized. Vast numbers of human beings must > cooperate in this manner if they are to live together as a smoothly > functioning society. In almost every act of our lives whether in the sphere > of politics or business in our social conduct or our ethical thinking, we > are dominated by the relatively small number of persons who understand the > mental processes and social patterns of the masses. It is they who pull the > wires that control the public mind." > > A tad different from Thomas Jefferson's view on the subject: > "I know of no safe depository of the ultimate power of the society but the > people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise > that control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not take it from > them, but to inform their discretion." > > Inform their discretion. Bernays believed that only a few possessed the > necessary insight into the Big Picture to be entrusted with this sacred > task. And luckily, he saw himself as one of that few. > > > HERE COMES THE MONEY > Once the possibilities of applying Freudian psychology to mass media were > glimpsed, Bernays soon had more corporate clients than he could handle. > Global corporations fell all over themselves courting the new Image Makers. > There were dozens of goods and > services and ideas to be sold to a susceptible public. Over the years, these > players have had the money to make their images happen. > > A few examples: > > Philip Morris Pfizer Union Carbide Allstate Monsanto > Eli Lilly > tobacco industry > > Ciba Geigy > > lead industry > > Coors > DuPont > Chlorox > Shell Oil > > Standard Oil > > Procter & Gamble > > Boeing > General Motors > Dow Chemical > > General Mills > > Goodyear > > > THE PLAYERS > Dozens of PR firms have emerged to answer that demand. Among them: > > Burson-Marsteller Edelman > > Hill & Knowlton > Kamer-Singer > Ketchum Mongovin > > Biscoe > > Duchin BSMG Buder-Finn > > Though world-famous within the PR industry, these are names we don't know, > and for good reason. The best PR goes unnoticed. For decades they have > created the opinions that most of us were raised with, on virtually any > issue which has the remotest commercial value, including: > > pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, medicine as a profession, alternative > medicine, fluoridation of city water, chlorine, household cleaning products, > tobacco, dioxin, global warming, leaded gasoline, cancer research and > treatment, pollution of the oceans, forests and lumber, images of > celebrities, including damage control crisis and disaster management, > genetically modified foods, aspartame, food additives, processed foods, > dental amalgams, etc. > > > > LESSON #1 > Bernays learned early on that the most effective way to create credibility > for a product or an image was by "independent third-party" endorsement. For > example, if General Motors were to come out and say that global warming is a > hoax thought up by some liberal tree-huggers, people would suspect GM's > motives, since GM's fortune is made by selling automobiles. If, however, > some independent research institute with a very credible sounding name like the > Global Climate Coalition comes out with a scientific report that says global > warming is really a fiction, people begin to get confused and to have doubts > about the original issue. > > So that's exactly what Bernays did. With a policy inspired by genius, he set > up "more institutes and foundations than Rockefeller and Carnegie combined." > (Stauber p 45) > Quietly financed by the industries whose products were being evaluated, > these "independent" research agencies would churn out "scientific" studies > and press materials that could create any image their handlers wanted. Such > front groups are given high-sounding names like: > > Temperature Research Foundation > International Food Information > Council Consumer Alert > The Advancement of Sound Science > Coalition Air Hygiene Foundation > Industrial Health Federation > International Food Information Council > Manhattan Institute Center for Produce Quality > Tobacco Institute Research Council > Institute American Council on Science and Health > Global Climate Coalition > Alliance for Better Foods > > > Sound pretty legit, don't they? > > > CANNED NEWS RELEASES > As Stauber explains, these organizations and hundreds of others like them > are front groups whose sole mission is to advance the image of the global > corporations who fund them, like those listed on page 2 above. This is > accomplished in part by an endless > stream of 'press releases' announcing "breakthrough" research to every radio > station and newspaper in the country. (Robbins) Many of these canned reports > read like straight news, and indeed are purposely molded in the news format. > This saves journalists the > trouble of researching the subjects on their own, especially on topics about > which they know very little. Entire sections of the release or in the case > of video news releases, the > whole thing can be just lifted intact, with no editing, given the byline of > the reporter > or newspaper or TV station - and voilá! Instant news - copy and paste. > Written by corporate PR firms. > > > Does this really happen? Every single day, since the 1920s when the idea of > the News Release was first invented by Ivy Lee. (Stauber, p 22) Sometimes as > many as half the stories appearing in an issue of the Wall St. Journal are > based solely on such PR press releases.. (22) These types of stories are > mixe d right in with legitimately researched stories. Unless you have done > the research yourself, you won't be able to tell the > difference. > > > THE LANGUAGE OF SPIN > As 1920s spin pioneers like Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays gained more > experience, they began to formulate rules and guidelines for creating public > opinion. They learned quickly that mob psychology must focus on emotion, not > facts. Since the mob is incapable of > rational thought, motivation must be based not on logic but on presentation. > Here are some of the axioms of the new science of PR: > > * technology is a religion unto itself > > * if people are incapable of rational thought, real democracy is dangerous > > *important decisions should be left to experts > > * when reframing issues, stay away from substance; create images > > * never state a clearly demonstrable lie > > > > > Words are very carefully chosen for their emotional impact. Here's an > example. A front group called the International Food Information Council > handles the public's natural aversion to genetically modified foods. > Trigger words are repeated all through the text. > Now in the case of GM foods, the public is instinctively afraid of these > experimental new creations which have suddenly popped up on our grocery > shelves which are said to have DNA alterations. > > > The IFIC wants to reassure the public of the safety of GM foods, so it > avoids words like: > Frankenfoods Hitler biotech chemical DNA experiments manipulate money > safety scientists radiation roulette gene-splicing gene gun random > > Instead, good PR for GM foods contains words like: > hybrids natural order beauty choice bounty cross-breeding diversity earth > farmer organic wholesome. > > It's basic Freudian/Tony Robbins word association. The fact that GM foods > are not hybrids that have been subjected to the slow and careful scientific > methods of real cross-breeding doesn't really matter. This is pseudoscience, > not science. Form is everything and > substance just a passing myth. (Trevanian) > > > Who do you think funds the International Food Information Council? Take a > wild guess. Right - Monsanto, DuPont, Frito-Lay, Coca Cola, Nutrasweet - > those in a position to make fortunes from GM foods. (Stauber p 20) > > > > CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD PROPAGANDA > As the science of mass control evolved, PR firms developed further > guidelines for effective copy. Here are some of the gems: > > - dehumanize the attacked party by labeling and name calling > - speak in glittering generalities using emotionally positive words > - when covering something up, don't use plain English; stall for time; > distract > - get endorsements from celebrities, churches, sports figures, street > people...anyone who has no expertise in the subject at hand > - the 'plain folks' ruse: us billionaires are just like you > - when minimizing outrage, don't say anything memorable > - when minimizing outrage, point out the benefits of what just happened > - when minimizing outrage, avoid moral issues > > > Keep this list. Start watching for these techniques. Not hard to find Look > at today's paper or tonight's TV news. See what they're doing; these guys > are good! > > > SCIENCE FOR HIRE > PR firms have become very sophisticated in the preparation of news releases. > They have learned how to attach the names of famous scientists to research > that those scientists have not even looked at. (Stauber, p 201) This is a > common occurrence. In this way the editors of newspapers and TV news shows > are often not even aware that an individual release is a total PR > fabrication. Or at least they have "deniability," right? > > > Stauber tells the amazing story of how leaded gas came into the picture. In > 1922, General Motors discovered that adding lead to gasoline gave cars more > horsepower. When there was some concern about safety, GM paid the Bureau of > Mines to do some fake "testing" and publish spurious research that 'proved' > that inhalation of lead was harmless. Enter Charles Kettering. Founder of > the world famous Sloan-Kettering Memorial Institute for > medical research, Charles Kettering also happened to be an executive with > General Motors. > > > > By some strange coincidence, we soon have the Sloan Kettering institute > issuing reports stating that lead occurs naturally in the body and that the > body has a way of > eliminating low level exposure. Through its association with The Industrial > Hygiene Foundation and PR giant Hill & Knowlton, Sloane Kettering opposed > all anti-lead research for years. (Stauber p 92). Without organized > scientific opposition, for the next > 60 years more and more gasoline became leaded, until by the 1970s, 90% or > our gasoline was leaded. > > > Finally it became too obvious to hide that lead was a major carcinogen, and > leaded gas was phased out in the late 1980s. But during those 60 years, it > is estimated that some 30 > million tons of lead were released in vapor form onto American streets and > highways. 30 million tons. > > > That is PR, my friends. > > JUNK SCIENCE > > In 1993 a guy named Peter Huber wrote a new book and coined a new term. The > book was Galileo's Revenge and the term was junk science. Huber's shallow > thesis was that real science supports technology, industry, and progress. > Anything else was suddenly > junk science. Not surprisingly, Stauber explains how Huber's book was > supported by the industry-backed Manhattan Institute. > > Huber's book was generally dismissed not only because it was so poorly > written, but because it failed to realize one fact: true scientific research > begins with no conclusions. Real scientists are seeking the truth because > they do not yet know what the truth is. > > True scientific method goes like this: > > 1. form a hypothesis > 2. make predictions for that hypothesis > 3. test the predictions > 4. reject or revise the hypothesis based on the research findings > > Boston University scientist Dr. David Ozonoff explains that ideas in science > are themselves like "living organisms, that must be nourished, supported, > and cultivated with resources for making them grow and flourish." (Stauber pg > 205) Great ideas that don't get > this financial support because the commercial angles are not immediately > obvious - these ideas wither and die. > > > Another way you can often distinguish real science from phony is that real > science points out flaws in its own research. Phony science pretends there > were no flaws. > > > > THE REAL JUNK SCIENCE > Contrast this with modern PR and its constant pretensions to sound science. > Corporate sponsored research, whether it's in the area of drugs, GM foods, > or chemistry begins with > predetermined conclusions. It is the job of the scientists then to prove > that these conclusions are true, because of the economic upside that proof > will bring to the industries paying for that research. This invidious > approach to science has shifted the entire focus of research in America > during the past 50 years, as any true scientist is likely to admit. > > > Stauber documents the increasing amount of corporate sponsorship of > university research. (206) This has nothing to do with the pursuit of > knowledge. Scientists lament that research has become just another > commodity, something bought and sold. (Crossen) > > > THE TWO MAIN TARGETS OF "SOUND SCIENCE" > It is shocking when Stauber shows how the vast majority of corporate PR > today opposes any research that seeks to protect: Public Health and The > Environment > > It's a funny thing that most of the time when we see the phrase "junk > science," it is in a context of defending something that may threaten either > the environment or our health. This makes sense when one realizes that money > changes hands only by selling the > illusion of health and the illusion of environmental protection. True public > health and real preservation of the earth's environment have very low market > value. > > Stauber thinks it ironic that industry's self-proclaimed debunkers of junk > science are usually non-scientists themselves. (255) Here again they can do > this because the issue is not science, but the creation of images. > > > THE LANGUAGE OF ATTACK > When PR firms attack legitimate environmental groups and alternative > medicine people, they again use special words which will carry an emotional > punch: outraged sound science junk science sensible scaremongering > responsible phobia hoax alarmist hysteria > > The next time you are reading a newspaper article about an environmental or > health issue, note how the author shows bias by using the above terms. This > is the result of very > specialized training. > > Another standard PR tactic is to use the rhetoric of the environmentalists > themselves to defend a dangerous and untested product that poses an actual > threat to the environment. This we see constantly in the PR smokescreen that > surrounds genetically modified foods. They talk about how GM foods are > necessary to grow more food and to end world hunger, when the reality is > that GM foods actually have lower yields per acre than natural crops. > (Stauber p 173) The grand design sort of comes into focus once > you realize that almost all GM foods have been created by the sellers of > herbicides and pesticides so that those plants can withstand greater amounts > of herbicides and pesticides. (The Magic Bean) > > > THE MIRAGE OF PEER REVIEW > > Publish or perish is the classic dilemma of every research scientist. That > means whoever expects funding for the next research project had better get > the current research paper published in the best scientific journals. And we > all know that the best scientific journals, > like JAMA, New England Journal, British Medical Journal, etc. are > peer-reviewed. Peer review means that any articles which actually get > published, between all those full color drug ads and pharmaceutical > centerfolds, have been reviewed and accepted by some really smart guys with > a lot of credentials. The assumption is, if the article made it past peer > review, the data and the conclusions of the research study have been > thoroughly checked out and bear some resemblance to physical reality. > > But there are a few problems with this hot little set up. First off, money. > Even though prestigious venerable medical journals pretend to be so > objective and scientific and incorruptible, the reality is that they face > the same type of being called to account > that all glossy magazines must confront: don't antagonize your advertisers. > Those full-page drug ads in the best journals cost millions, Jack. How long > will a pharmaceutical company pay for ad space in a magazine that prints > some very sound scientific > research paper that attacks the safety of the drug in the centerfold? Think > about it. The editors aren't that stupid. > > Another problem is the conflict of interest thing. There's a formal > requirement for all medical journals that any financial ties between an > author and a product manufacturer be disclosed in the article. In practice, > it never happens. A study done in 1997 of 142 medical journals did not find > even one such disclosure. (Wall St. Journal, 2 Feb 99) > > A 1998 study from the New England Journal of Medicine found that 96% of peer > reviewed articles had financial ties to the drug they were studying. > (Stelfox, 1998) Big shock, huh? Any disclosures? Yeah, right. This study > should be pointed out whenever somebody starts getting too pompous about > the objectivity of peer review, like they often do. > > Then there's the outright purchase of space. A drug company may simply pay > $100,000 to a journal to have a favorable article printed. (Stauber, pg 204) > Fraud in peer review journals is nothing new. In 1987, the New England > Journal ran an article that followed the research of R. Slutsky MD over a > seven year period. During that time, Dr. Slutsky > had published 137 articles in a number of peer-reviewed journals. NEJM found > that in at least 60 of these 137, there was evidence of major scientific > fraud and misrepresentation, > including: > * reporting data for experiments that were never done > * reporting measurements that were never made > > * reporting statistical analyses that were never done (Engler) > > Dean Black PhD, describes what he the calls the "Babel Effect" that results > when this very common and frequently undetected scientific fraudulent data > in peer-reviewed journals are quoted by other researchers, who are in turn > re-quoted by still others, and so > on. > > > Want to see something that sort of re-frames this whole discussion? Check > out the McDonald's ads which often appear in the Journal of the American > Medical Association. Then keep in mind that this is the same publication > that for almost 50 years ran > cigarette ads proclaiming the health benefits of tobacco. (Robbins) > > Very scientific, oh yes. > > > KILL YOUR TV? > Hope this chapter has given you a hint to start reading newspaper and > magazine articles a little differently, and perhaps start watching TV news > shows with a slightly different > attitude than you had before. Always ask, what are they selling here, and > who's > selling it? And if you actually follow up on Stauber & Rampton's book and > check out some of the other resources below, you might even glimpse the > possibility of advancing your life one quantum simply by ceasing to subject > your brain to mass media. That's right > - no more newspapers, no more TV news, no more Time magazine or Newsweek. > You could actually do that. Just think what you could do with the extra time > alone. > > Really feel like you need to "relax" or find out "what's going on in the > world" for a few hours every day? Think about the news of the past couple of > years for a minute. Do you really suppose the major stories that have > dominated headlines and TV news have been > "what is going on in the world?" Do you actually think there's been nothing > going on besides the contrived tech slump, the contrived power shortages, > the re-filtered accou |